Adhesive Arachnoiditis Treatment CAGR of 5.0% during the forecast period
Introduction
Adhesive arachnoiditis is a chronic, progressive inflammatory condition of the arachnoid mater, one of the membranes surrounding the spinal cord and brain. It occurs when the arachnoid layer becomes inflamed and scar tissue forms, leading to nerve root clumping, adhesions, and chronic pain.
The condition is rare but debilitating, often resulting in severe neuropathic pain, sensory disturbances, and mobility issues. Although there is no definitive cure, various treatment approaches aim to reduce inflammation, manage pain, and improve quality of life.
What Is Adhesive Arachnoiditis?
Adhesive arachnoiditis involves fibrosis (scarring) of the arachnoid membrane, which causes nerve roots in the spinal canal to adhere to each other or to the dural sac. This disrupts cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and leads to chronic nerve irritation.
Common Causes
Spinal surgeries or trauma – Postoperative scarring and nerve injury.
Epidural injections – Certain preservatives or anesthetics may trigger inflammation.
Infections – Such as meningitis or tuberculosis of the spine.
Chemical irritation – From oil-based contrast dyes used in older myelography procedures.
Chronic spinal compression – Due to herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or degenerative disease.
Symptoms
CategoryCommon SymptomsPainSevere, burning, or electric shock-like pain in the lower back, legs, or buttocksNeurologicalNumbness, tingling, or weakness in limbsMobility IssuesDifficulty walking or standing for long periodsAutonomic DysfunctionBladder, bowel, or sexual dysfunctionOther SymptomsMuscle spasms, twitching, or abnormal sensations (dysesthesia)
Symptoms often worsen over time, and in severe cases, patients may become partially or completely disabled.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is primarily clinical but confirmed using imaging and neurological evaluation.
1. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
The most reliable diagnostic tool.
Shows nerve root clumping, adhesions, and fibrosis.
May reveal loss of normal CSF flow or "empty sac" appearance.
2. CT Myelography
Used if MRI is contraindicated.
Can show nerve adhesions and obstruction in CSF pathways.
3. Neurological Examination
Evaluates reflexes, motor strength, and sensory deficits.
4. Electromyography (EMG)
Assesses electrical activity in affected muscles to evaluate nerve damage.